Changes of up to 80°C has been reported for oral cavity temperature. This could well effecti on the nature of restorations for example failure of bonding of adhesive restorations. It is advocated that using opaque layer in porcelane to restorations could reduce this problem. This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect mentioned using finitelement analysis method.Results showed that cooling has a more destructive effect than warming process restorations with the presence of opaque having a finitelement analysis effect on restorations.

One of the most challenging esthetic concerns in dentistry is conservative replacement of the missing anterior teeth. Although implants are considered to be a better treatment option for rehabilitation of such patients, resin‑, bonded bridges (RBBs) can conservatively restore the missing teeth and have thus gained popularity over the years. It consists of an artificial tooth with a wing‑, like extension that is cemented to the adjacent teeth. There are various types of RBBs among which Maryland bridge is the simplest and the popular most due to its micromechanical retention enabled by acid etching of both tooth and metal retainer. It can be fabricated by various techniques and materials. In this case reports, we have discussed about two unique designs of Maryland bridge fabricated by two different materials (Porcelain‑, fused metal and Graphene) and utilizing two different techniques (conventional and digital).

Evaluation of dental arch changes after rapid palatal expansion by bonded palatal ‎expander. 10 patients (5 boys & 5 girls) with uni or bilateral crossbite in ‎mixed dentition period were selected and records including, both arches casts, ‎maxillary occlusal radiography, intra & extra- oral photographies obtained rapid ‎palatal expansion applied by acrylic bonded palatal appliance during 14 days (about 7 ‎mm expansion was done). After a period of three months retention, appliance replaced ‎by removable one and the same above records obtained. The average chages of arch ‎width in the first permanent molar & deciduous first molar and coanine area of both ‎arches were measured. Paired t-test was used for analysis. The minimum changes in ‎both arches were in deciduous canine area (3.7 mm expansion in maxilla & 0.5 mm in ‎mandible). The maximum changes in maxilla was 6.77 mm in deciduous first molar ‎area, in mandible was 0.86 mm in permanent molar area. In spite of spondtaneous ‎expansion in lower dental arch following maxillary expansion (correlation coefficient ‎‎0.82) we must expand lower arch independently in clinical use. Because the amount ‎of spontaneous expansion isn't significant clinically‏.‏

Introduction: Myocardial bridging is a congenital condition in which a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery has an intra myocardial route. Myocardial bridging is usually confined to a single vessel and is typically the mid segment of the left anterior descending artery. Bridging may be associated with chest pain, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death, or usually asymptomatic.Case Report: A 59 year-old women with diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with dyspnea and chest pain on exercise. Physical exam, electrocardiography and echocardiography were intact. In angiography, we found severe stenosis of left main coronary artery and severe stenosis of three coronary artery (Three Vessel Disease) as well as multiple myocardial bridges at the end of right coronary artery.Conclusion: Myocardial bridging is a rave condition, however, it be considered in patients facing recurrent chest pain, it has severe complication such as sudden cardiac death.

Myocardial bridge is a benign congenital anomaly in which a segment of major epicardial coronary arteries descends into the myocardium for a variable distance. Myocardial bridge is most often single and located in the middle part of the left anterior descending artery. The presence of more than one myocardial bridge in coronary arteries is very rare. We present a patient with more than one myocardial bridge in the left anterior descending artery.The case was a 55- year old man, referred to our clinic with the complaint of atypical chest pain. In the radionuclide study a reversible ischemia in the anterior wall was found. For this abnormal finding, he underwent a coronary angiography and it showed two myocardial bridges in the mid and end segments of the left anterior descending artery.Since myocardial bridge is usually single, the present case with two consecutive myocardial bridges in one artery can be presented as a very rare case report.

The bridge can be a link between the fictions of two lands and reach a cosmopolitan thinking. On one side, a short story by Kafka and the other side, long philosophical story by an Iranian author,Qodsi Hosseini: a woman who has tried to transform the disintegrator despair of Kafka's existential bridge by finding herself in Lacan's great other, along with crossing the bridge, with the help of nested narrative and Bakhtine's polyphony in a surrealist and meaningful atmosphere. In both stories, the symbolic and the personal with the language function of empathy and aesthetics are tied together and present simultaneously in the text. This research has done a comparative analysis of two stories which has the same name with a semiotic approach and a descriptive analytical method, and demonstrates a striking coherence among the linguistic elements in conveying a unified message in Kafka's "Bridge, " whereas the diverse symbolism and extensive intertextual references in Hosseini's "Bridge" enrich the text's message. These messages are spiritual and ethical, possibly influenced by the author's Eastern origins. The gentle tone and slow rhythm of Hosseini in contrast to the harshness and intense, pounding rhythm of Kafka's, may be influenced by the narrators' genders. While the bridge in Kafka's work transforms from object to subject, other elements in Hosseini's work signify the intermingling of object and subject. This entanglement of two discursive agents, representing the hidden self of the subject within the safe haven of the object, constitutes the most important significant commonality between the two narratives.

The long-term durability of CFRP structural systems applied to reinforced-concrete (RC) highway bridges is a function of the system bond behavior over time. The sustained structural load performance of strengthened bridges depends on the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates remaining 100 % bonded to concrete bridge members. Periodic testing of the CFRP–concrete bond condition is necessary to sustain load performance. The objective of this paper is to present a non-destructive testing (NDT) method designed to evaluate the bond condition and long-term durability of CFRP laminate (plate) systems applied to RC highway bridges. Using the impact-echo principle, a mobile mechanical device using light impact hammers moving along the length of a bonded CFRP plate produces unique acoustic frequencies which are a function of existing CFRP plate–concrete bond conditions. The purpose of this method is to test and locate CFRP plates de-bonded from bridge structural members to identify associated deterioration in bridge load performance. Laboratory tests of this NDT device on a CFRP plate bonded to concrete with staged voids (de-laminations) produced different frequencies for bonded and de-bonded areas of the plate. The spectra (bands) of frequencies obtained in these tests show a correlation to the CFRP–concrete bond condition and identify bonded and de-bonded areas of the plate. The results of these tests indicate that this NDT impact machine, with design improvements, can potentially provide bridge engineers a means to rapidly evaluate long lengths of CFRP laminates applied to multiple highway bridges within a national transportation infrastructure.

Bridges play a critical role in the transportation system network, accordingly, assuring satisfaction with the service level of these structures is vital for bridge maintenance managers. Thus, it is vital to determine the optimum bridge maintenance plan (i. e., the optimum timing and type of repair activities applied to the bridge elements) considering the budget limitations. To optimize the bridge maintenance plan, some researchers have focused on developing optimization models, including the Genetic Algorithm (GA). However, a few studies have employed Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) to enhance bridge maintenance management. This study focuses on developing an integrated framework based on BrIM and bridge maintenance optimization to utilize visualization capabilities of BrIM to assist maintenance managers in making decisions. The presented framework optimizes the bridge maintenance plan at the sub-element level. The BrIM automatically feeds into the developed GA optimization system. The introduced framework is successfully verified using a real-world case study.